C#比较dynamic和Dictionary性能

ew45 9年前

开发中需要传递变参,考虑使用 dynamic 还是 Dictionary(准确地说是Dictionary<string,object>)。dynamic 的编码体验显著优于 Dictionary,如果性能差距不大的话,我会选择使用dynamic。搜索后没有找到类似对比数据,决定自行实验。

首先使用以下测试代码:

public void TestDynamic()  {      var e = CallDynamic(new { Value = 0 });      int v = e.Value;  }    public void TestDictionary()   {      var dict = new Dictionary<string, object>();      dict["Value"] = 0;      dict = CallDictionary(dict);      int v = (int)dict["Value"];  }    private dynamic CallDynamic(dynamic test)  {      int v = test.Value;      v++;      return new { Value = v };  }    private Dictionary<string, object> CallDictionary(      Dictionary<string, object> test)  {      int v = (int)test["Value"];      v++;      var dict = new Dictionary<string, object>();      dict["Value"] = v;      return dict;  }

分别比较运行 1次、10次、100次、1000次、1e4次、1e5次、1e6次 时间
结果:

C#比较dynamic和Dictionary性能

其中dynamic列和dynamic2列的数据分别是:

在一次运行中执行一步测试 和 在一次运行中连续执行所有测试

分析测试过程和数据,得到以下结论:

1.dynamic首次使用会产生一定的性能损耗
2.无论是否首次使用,使用次数达到一定量级,dynamic性能一定优于Dictionary
3.一次运行中连续使用dynamic会显著拉低平均性能损耗

考虑到传递变参可能出现多个参数,以上测试不完全。

使用以下代码进行第二阶段实验:

public void InvokeDynamic()  {      var e = CallDynamic2(          new { Value1 = 0, Value2 = 0L, Value3 = 0f, Value4 = 0.0, Value5 = "test" });      int v1 = e.Value1;      long v2 = e.Value2;      float v3 = e.Value3;      double v4 = e.Value4;      string v5 = e.Value5;  }    public void InvokeDictionary()  {      var dict = new Dictionary<string, object>();      dict["Value1"] = 0;      dict["Value2"] = 0L;      dict["Value3"] = 0f;      dict["Value4"] = 0.0;      dict["Value5"] = "test";      dict = CallDictionary2(dict);      int v1 = (int)dict["Value1"];      long v2 = (long)dict["Value2"];      float v3 = (float)dict["Value3"];      double v4 = (double)dict["Value4"];      string v5 = (string)dict["Value5"];  }    private dynamic CallDynamic2(dynamic test)  {      int v1 = test.Value1;      long v2 = test.Value2;      float v3 = test.Value3;      double v4 = test.Value4;      string v5 = test.Value5;      v1++;      v2++;      v3++;      v4++;      v5 += "test";      return new { Value1 = v1, Value2 = v2, Value3 = v3, Value4 = v4, Value5 = v5 };  }    private Dictionary<string, object> CallDictionary2(      Dictionary<string, object> test)  {      int v1 = (int)test["Value1"];      long v2 = (long)test["Value2"];      float v3 = (float)test["Value3"];      double v4 = (double)test["Value4"];      string v5 = (string)test["Value5"];      v1++;      v2++;      v3++;      v4++;      v5 += "test";      var dict = new Dictionary<string, object>();      dict["Value1"] = v1;      dict["Value2"] = v2;      dict["Value3"] = v3;      dict["Value4"] = v4;      dict["Value5"] = v5;      return dict;  }

结果数据:

C#比较dynamic和Dictionary性能

最后决定选择使用dynamic

有兄弟考虑可能Box损耗了性能导致Dictionary表现不佳,
专门做了第三阶段实验,对比dynamic和Dictionary<string,long>

具体数据不贴了,结果是dynamic在100000量级快一倍

来源:Sartrey Lee 的博客